南辕北辙
Onceamanwantedtogotothesouth,buthiscarriagewasheadingnorth.Apasser-byaskedhim:“Ifyouaregoingtothesouth,whyisyourchariotheadingnorth?”Themananswered,“Myhorseisgoodatrunning,mydriverishighlyskilledatdrivingacarriage,andIhaveenoughmoney.”Themandidn'tconsiderthatthedirectionmightbewrong;thebetterhisconditionswere,thefurtherhewasawayfromhisdestination.
从前有个人要到南方去,他坐的车子却向北方行驶。过路人说:“你去南方,车子怎么向北行驶呢?”他回答说:“我的马很能跑路,我的车夫驾车的技术也很高明,加上我又带了充足的路费。”这个人没有考虑到,方向弄反了,他的条件越好,离他要去的地方就越远。
Theidiomderivedfromthisstoryindicatesthatone'sactionwastheoppositeeffecttoone'sintention.
后来人们就把这个故事概括为“南辕北辙”,比喻一个人的行为和他的目的正好相反。
惊弓之鸟
IntheWarringStatesPeriod,therewasamanintheStateofWeicalledGengLei.Onedayhesaidtotheking:'Icanshootdownbirdsbysimplypluckingmybowstring.'Whenthekingexpresseddoubt,GengLeipointedhisbowatawildgooseflyinginthesky,twangedthebowstring,andthegoosefelltotheground.GengLeisaid,'Thisgoosehasbeenhurtinthepast.Hearingthetwangofthebowstring,itassumedthatitwasdoomed.Soitsimplygaveuptryingtolive.
战国时期(公元前403―221年中国中原地区各诸侯国连年争战的时代)魏国有个名叫更羸的人。一天,他对国王说:“我只要拉开弓,空射一下,就能把天上的鸟射下来。”国王不相信。更羸便对准天上飞来的一只雁射去,果真那只雁听到拉弦的声音就掉了下来。国王感到很奇怪。更羸说,“那是一只受过伤的雁。它一听到我拉开弓弦的声响,就惊慌得支持不住,自然要掉下来了。”
Thisidiommeansthatifonehasbeenfrightenedinthepastone'swillmaybecomeparalysedinasimilarsituation.
“惊弓之鸟”这个成语比喻受过惊恐之后,有一点动静就特别害怕。
凿壁偷光
KuangHengwasborninapoorfamily.Helikedreadingbooksverymuch.Heneededtoworkatdaytime,sohehadtoreadbooksduringnight.Buthewastoopoortobuyacandle.Oneday,hefoundhisneighbourhadcandles,butthelightcouldn’tgothroughhisroom.Sohedugasmallholeonthewallsothathecouldusethelighttoreadbooks.Fromthatday,hereadbookseverynightuntilthelightwentout.
However,hefinishedreadingallhisbooksandtherewerenobooksforhimtoread.Thenhewenttoarichman’shouseandworkedforhimwithoutpayment.
Therichmanasked:“Whydon’tyouwantthemoney?”KuangHengsaid:“BecauseIonlywanttoborrowyourbooks.”Therichmanagreed.KuangHengreadthebooksonebyone.
Finally,hebecameagreatscholar.
【故事翻译】
匡衡勤奋好学,但家中没有蜡烛。邻家有蜡烛,但光亮照不到他家,匡衡就在墙壁上凿了洞引来邻家的光亮,让光亮照在书上读书。
但很快,匡衡就把他仅有的书看完了,他无书可看了。县里有个大户人家不怎么识字,但家中富有,有很多书。匡衡就到他家去做雇工,但不要报酬。
主人感到很奇怪,问他为什么这样,他说:“我希望读遍主人家的书。”主人听了,深为感叹,就借给匡衡书。
最终,匡衡成了一位伟大的学者。