GlobalizationGlobalizationistheprocessofinternationalintegrationarisingfromtheinterchangeofworldviews,products,ideasandotheraspectsofculture.Advancesintransportationandtelecommunicationsinfrastructure,includingtheriseofthetelegraphanditsposteritytheInternet,aremajorfactorsinglobalization,generatingfurtherinterdependenceofeconomicandculturalactivities.Worldhaveconnectionintoawhole,formingaglobalnoonenationcangooutoftheworldandthedevelopmentoftheclosed.
Economicglobalization：Economicglobalizationistheincreasingeconomicinterdependenceofnationaleconomiesacrosstheworldthrougharapidincreaseincross-bordermovementofgoods,service,technologyandcapital.Whereastheglobalizationofbusinessiscenteredaroundthediminutionofinternationaltraderegulationsaswellastariffs,taxes,andotherimpedimentsthatsuppressesglobaltrade,economicglobalizationistheprocessofincreasingeconomicintegrationbetweencountries,leadingtotheemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceorasingleworldmarket.Theworldeconomyisveryclose.Acountry'seconomiccrisisislikelytoaffecttheworld
socio-culturalglobalization：Culturalglobalizationhasincreasedcross-culturalcontactsbutmaybeaccompaniedbyadecreaseintheuniquenessofonce-isolatedcommunities.Suchasrock,jeans,suchasCoca-Colaspreadaroundtheworld.Forexample,sushiisavailableinGermanyaswellasJapanbutEuro-DisneyoutdrawsthecityofParis,potentiallyreducingdemandfor“authentic”Frenchpastry.Globalization'scontributiontothealienationofindividualsfromtheirtraditionsmaybemodestcomparedtotheimpactofmodernityitself。Globalizationhasexpandedrecreationalopportunitiesbyspreadingpopculture,particularlyviatheInternetandsatellitetelevision.
theInternetconnectscomputerusersaroundtheworld.From2000to2009,thenumberofInternetusersgloballyrosefrom394millionto1.858billion.By2010,22percentoftheworld'spopulationhadaccesstocomputerswith1billionGooglesearcheseveryday,300millionInternetusersreadingblogs,and2billionvideosvieweddailyonYouTube.
Theexampleofglobalization:AIRBUS，ADIDAS.
Globalizationhasalotofgoodorbadinfluencetous.Firsttalkaboutthepositive:worldwidethenumberofcommonstandards;thegrowthofinternationaltradefasterthantheworldeconomicgrowth;theproportionofmultinationalcompaniesintheworldeconomy；thedevelopmentoftheglobalfinancialsystem;andMoreandmoreinternationalculturalinfluence,suchasthroughtheexportofHollywoodmovies;promotethedevelopmentofinternationaltourism；alotofinformationresourcessharingviatheInternet.Thebadinfluenceisthewideninggapbetweentherichandpoor;theincreaseofillegalimmigrants;Theexpansionofterrorism;Itsunemploymentrateincrease
TheFinally,statementaboutmypointofview.Thetrendofglobalizationisirreversible,weshouldconformtothistrend,weshouldnotgoagainstglobalization.Ifyouresisttheglobalizationisobvious,northKoreaisresistglobalization,sotheeconomyisbackward,andtherealsoverymiserablyofpeople'slife.Globalizationmakescountriescanshareresources,cheapgoods,technologyhaveveryconvenientalso,humanresourcesalsocanfreeflowbetweencountries,promotetheprosperityofthenationaleconomy.Atthesametime,alsopromotethespreadofculturalglobalization,culturalcommunicationisalsomorefrequently,isconducivetothedevelopmentofnationalculture.Althoughalotofthebenefitsofglobalization,butalsoshouldpayattentiontoprotectourcountryownbusinessbrand,technology,enhancethevalueoftheindependentbrand,payattentiontobrandbuilding,inthisway,canwehavetheirownadvantagesintheglobalization.
Economicglobalizationbenefitstheworldimmensely,especiallytheprosperityoftourism.Asaresult,thecultures,languagesandcustomsintheminoritiesarenotmysterioustotheworldanymore,whichshouldbeattributedtothepopularityoftourism.
Itisaconsensusthattourismcanstimulatetheeconomicdevelopmentinaregion,sincetourismplaysanimportantroleintheaccelerationoftheimprovementofservice,suchastransportation,accommodation,cateringandothermarginalbusiness.Withaviewtoattractingmoretourists,theminorityregionshavetoconsiderhowtoimprovetheirimageandservice,duringthecourseofwhichtheycanhaveanoverallplantopromotethestatusoftheirregion.Nowadays,manypeopletravelforminorityregionstosatisfytheircuriosity,wheretheycanhaveunexpectedfindings.Furthermore,tourismcanstrengthentheinterflowofculturesandtraditionsbetweenthepeopleindifferentregions.Tripstominoritycountriesandregionsrenderpeoplealotofnewculturesandcustoms,which,presumably,havebeenhandeddownfromoldagesandenjoyedverysplendidhistory.
Formerly,peoplecanonlygetsomesegmentsabouttheminoritiesfromvideos,filmsandotherincompletedescriptionsonbooks.Now,touristshavemoreopportunitiestocommunicateorevenlivewiththeminoritypeopleandacquirefirst-handknowledgeaboutthem,whichprovidestheresearcherswithalotofauthenticinformation.
Admittedly,tourismdamagesthenaturalenvironmentinsomeminorityregionsandspoilsthepeacefullifeofthemtosomedegreeduetotheirfrequentactivitiesintheminorityregions,theenvironmentbeingdeterioratedinsomeregions,whichisnotwhatweexpected.Generally,thepopularityofEnglishandtourismbringsmoreadvantagesthandamagetotheminorityregions,sinceithasenrichedpeople’sknowledgeandwidenedtheirhorizons.Butmeanwhile,weshouldbeonthealertforthedamagetotheminorityregionsandtakeeffectivemeanstotackletheproblemstourismarouses.
Withthedevelopmentofeconomyandtechnology，moreandmorepeoplecometorealizethatthecontactbetweencountrieshasbecomemoreandmorecloselyfrequent.
NowadaysalmosteveryoneknowsCoca-cola,andwhenwewanttopursueallaspectsofall-arounddevelopment,wecan'tavoidstayingincontactwithothercountries.Soglobalizationhasbecomeaunstoppabletrend.Differentpeoplehavedifferentpointofviews.Somepeoplebelievethatglobalizationisagoodthing，becausetheyenjoytheconvenienceandqualitylifeglobalizationbrings,whereasothersarguethatthedevelopedcountriesaretheonlybeneficiariesofglobalization，andthedevelopingcountriesinthecourseofglobalizationsufferedaseriesofenvironmentalpollutionproblems.Globalizationisadouble-edgedsword.
AsfarasI'mconcerned,weshouldlookatbothsidesofwhenweseizetheopportunityofdevelopmentandmeetthechallengescanwegaintheupperhandinthecompetition.
范文(一)
Nowadayswecanenjoythesamefilms,fashions,brands,advertisementsandTVchannels.Theevidentdifferencebetweencountriesisdisappearing.Towhatextentdoyouthinkthedisadvantagesoverweighttheadvantagesofthis?
Globalizationcreatesconditionsforwideninginternationalexchanges,strengtheningmutualunderstandingbetweennations,expandingcultural,educational,andscientificcooperationbetweennationsandcountries,enjoyingtheculturalachievementsofpeoplearoundtheworldwhichencouragestheprocessofmodernizationandtheenrichmentofnationalculture.
However,theseconditionsalsocreatethepossibledangerofdiminishingthenationalculturewithanegativeimpactonthepre123vationofnationalidentity.Throughglobalizationandanopendoorpolicy,erroneousconceptsandaloweringofethicalstandards,aselfishandindividualisticlifestyleandharmfulculturalproductscaneasilybeimportedintothecountry.Atpresent,moderninformationtechnologywhichinthemainiscontrolledbyUSishourlyandintensivelydisseminatingUSideology,wayoflife,cultureandfilmsacrosstheworld.EvenUSfoodispromotedsothatsomepeopleconsiderglobalizationasglobalAmericanization.
Duringtheprocessofeconomicglobalization,inequalitybetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountrieshasbeenincreasingandthegapbetweentherichandthepoorhasbecomewider,mostoftheresultofglobalizationgotoassistdevelopedcountries.Globalizationdoesnotposeequalinterestsandriskstoallnations.Withanoverwhelmingadvantagecomparedtomostofthedevelopingcountriesintermsoffinanceandthelevelofscienceandtechnology,developedca123alistcountriescontrolthesituationofeconomicglobalization.
Forthesereasons,globalizationisafierceandcomplicatedstruggleinbothculturalandideologicalfields.Wetaketheinitiativeininternationaleconomicintegrationbutalsohavetotaketheinitiativeinfightingtokeepourdistinctcultureresistingpro-foreignandcross-bredphenomena,andovercomingthepsychologyofpreferringmoneyoverethicalvalues.
Globalization:
ChallengesandOpportunitiesforChina’sYoungerGeneration
SunNing
Goodmorning,LadiesandGentlemen.TodayI’mveryhappytobeheretosharewithyousomeofmythoughtsonthetopicofGlobalization.Andfirstofall,Iwouldliketomentionaneventinourrecenthistory.
Thirtyyearsago,AmericanPresidentRichardNixonmadeanepoch-makingvisittoChina,acountrystillisolatedatthattime.PremierZhouEnlaisaidtohim,“Yourhandshakecameoverthevastestoceanintheworld---twenty-fiveyearsofnocommunication.”Eversincethen,ChinaandAmericahaveexchangedmanyhandshakesofvariouskinds.The
fundamentalimplicationofthisexampleisthattheneedanddesiretocommunicateacrossdifferencesincultureandideologyisnotonlyfeltbythetwocountriesbutbymanyothernationsaswell.
Aswecanseetoday,environmentalistsfromdifferentcountriesaremakingjointeffortstoaddresstheissueofglobalwarming,economistsandseekingsolutionstofinancialcrisesthatrageinaparticularregionbutnonethelesscrippletheworld’seconomy,anddiplomatsandpoliticiansaregettingtogethertodiscusstheissueofcombatingterrorism.Peachand
prosperityhasbecomeacommongoalthatwearestrivingforallovertheworld.UnderlyingthismightytrendofglobalizationistheechoofE.M.Forster’swords,“Onlyconnect!”
WiththeITrevolutiontakingplace,traditionalboundariesofhumansocietyfallaway.Ourculture,politics,societyandcommercearebeingsloshedintoalargemeltingpotofhumanity.Inthisinterlinkedworld,therearenooutsiders,foradisturbanceinoneplaceislikelytoimpactotherpartsoftheglobe.Wehavebeguntorealizethataworlddividedcannotendure.Chinaisnowactivelyintegratingontotheworld.OurrecententrytotheWTOisagoodexample.Fordecades,wehavetakenprideinbeingself-reliant,butnowwerealizetheimportanceofparticipationinandcontributiontoabroadereconomicorder.FromtheprecariousroleintheworldarenatoourpresentWTOmembership,wehavecomealongway.
Butwhatdoesthewayaheadlooklike?Insomepartsoftheworldpeopleare
demonstrationgagainstglobalization.Aretheyjustifiedthen,incriticizingtheglobalizingworld?Insteadofnarrowingthegapbetweentherichandthepoor,theysay,globalizationenablesdevelopednationstoswallowthedevelopingnation’swealthindebtsandinterest.Globalization,theyargue,shouldbeaboutanearnestinterestineveryothernation’seconomicheath.
WeareremindedbyKarlMarxthatcapitalgoesbeyondnationalbordersandeludescontrolfromanyotherentity.Thishasbecomeareality.Multinationalcorporationsareseekingthelowestcost,thelargestmarket,andthemostfavorablepolicy.Theareoftenpowerfullobbyistsingovernmentdecision-making,ruthlessexpansionistsintheglobalmarketplaceandadevastatingpresencetolocalbusinesses.
ForChina,stillmorechallengesexist.Howarewegoingtoensureasmoothtransitionfromtheplannedeconomytoamarket-basedone?Howtoconstructalegalsystemthatissoundenoughandbroadenoughtorespondtotheneedsofadynamicsociety?Howtomaintainourculturalidentityinanincreasinglyhomogeneousworld?Andhowtodefinegreatnessinourriseasapeace-lovingnation?Globalizationentailsquestionsthatconcernusall.
LikemanyyoungpeoplemyageinChina,Iwanttoseemycountrygetprosperousandenjoyingrespectintheinternationalcommunity.Butitseemstomethatmerepatriotismisnotjustenough.Itisvitallyimportantthatweyoungpeopledomoreseriousthinkingandbroadenourmindstobiggerissues.Andtheremightneverbeeasyanswerstothoseissuessuchasglobalization,buttotakethemonandgivethemhonestthinkingisthefirststeptobepreparedforbothopportunitiesandchallengescomingourway.Andthisisalsooneofthethoughtsthatcametomewhilepreparingthisspeech.Thankyou.
Economicopportunitiesofglobalizationondevelopingcountries:
First,economicglobalizationfordevelopingcountriestoattractmoreforeigninvestmentconditionsandopportunities.Toattractforeigninvestmentscalewillnodoubthelptosolvetheproblemofshortageoffundsindevelopingcountries.
Second,economicglobalizationfordevelopingcountriesoutsideofthecapitalvotedtocreateafavorableexternalenvironmentandconditions,sothatforeigndirectinvestmentscaleiscontinuallyexpandingandgrowingfast.
Third,economicglobalizationbroughtaboutaworldwideeconomicandtechnologicaldevelopmentzonesandbondedareasandfreetradezonesandotherformsofdevelopmentoffreeeconomiczones.
Fourth,theeconomicglobalizationsothattheworldwideindustrialrestructuringwasfurtherdeepened,thepaceofincrease.Developingcountriescantakeadvantageofthisopportunitytofollowbasedonrealityandfocusonthefutureoftheorganicunityandtaketheinitiativetocoordinatetheworldwideindustrialrestructuringandupgradingofdomesticindustriesrelationship.
Fifth,economicglobalizationhaspromotedthedevelopmentoftransnationalcorporationsindevelopingcountriessothatintheworldmarketgradually.However,thedevelopmenttrend,asaresultofeconomicglobalizationfordevelopingcountriesinthebroaderfieldofactiveparticipationininternationalcompetitionopportunitiesfortransnationalcorporationsindevelopingcountriesmoreactivelyactiveintheworldeconomicstageoftheerajustaroundthecorner.
Sixth,theeconomicglobalizationhasdriventherapiddevelopmentofinternationaltrade.Althoughdevelopedcountriesarethebiggestbeneficiariesofinternationaltrade,butdevelopingcountries,especiallydevelopingcountriesinAsiaalsobenefitedfrominternationaltrade,itstradevolumeofworldtradeaccountedforabout20%ofthetotal.
Nowadayswecanenjoythesamefilms,fashions,brands,advertisementsandTVchannels.Theevidentdifferencebetweencountriesisdisappearing.Towhatextentdoyouthinkthedisadvantagesoverweighttheadvantagesofthis?
Globalizationcreatesconditionsforwideninginternationalexchanges,strengtheningmutualunderstandingbetweennations,expandingcultural,educational,andscientificcooperationbetweennationsandcountries,enjoyingtheculturalachievementsofpeoplearoundtheworldwhichencouragestheprocessofmodernizationandtheenrichmentofnationalculture.
However,theseconditionsalsocreatethepossibledangerofdiminishingthenationalculturewithanegativeimpactonthepre123vationofnationalidentity.Throughglobalizationandanopendoorpolicy,erroneousconceptsandaloweringofethicalstandards,aselfishandindividualisticlifestyleandharmfulculturalproductscaneasilybeimportedintothecountry.Atpresent,moderninformationtechnologywhichinthemainiscontrolledbyUSishourlyandintensivelydisseminatingUSideology,wayoflife,cultureandfilmsacrosstheworld.EvenUSfoodispromotedsothatsomepeopleconsiderglobalizationasglobalAmericanization.
Duringtheprocessofeconomicglobalization,inequalitybetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountrieshasbeenincreasingandthegapbetweentherichandthepoorhasbecomewider,mostoftheresultofglobalizationgotoassistdevelopedcountries.Globalizationdoesnotposeequalinterestsandriskstoallnations.Withanoverwhelmingadvantagecomparedtomostofthedevelopingcountriesintermsoffinanceandthelevelofscienceandtechnology,developedca123alistcountriescontrolthesituationofeconomicglobalization.
Forthesereasons,globalizationisafierceandcomplicatedstruggleinbothculturalandideologicalfields.Wetaketheinitiativeininternationaleconomicintegrationbutalsohavetotaketheinitiativeinfightingtokeepourdistinctcultureresistingpro-foreignandcross-bredphenomena,andovercomingthepsychologyofpreferringmoneyoverethicalvalues.
【拓展内容】
全球化一词，是一种概念，也是一种人类社会发展的现象过程。全球化有诸多定义，通常意义上的全球化是指全球联系不断增强，人类生活在全球规模的基础上发展及全球意识的崛起。国与国之间在政治、经济贸易上互相依存。全球化亦可以解释为世界的压缩和视全球为一个整体。二十世纪九十年代后，随着全球化势力对人类社会影响层面的扩张，已逐渐引起各国政治、教育、社会及文化等学科领域的重视，引发大规模的研究热潮。对于“全球化”的`观感是好是坏，仍是见仁见智，例如全球化对于本土文化来说就是一把双刃剑，它也会使得本土文化的内涵与自我更新能力逐渐模糊与丧失。
全球化影响
全球范围内的通用标准的数目的增长，例如版权法，国际贸易的增长比世界经济增长速度更快，由跨国公司控制世界经济的股份的增长。国际金融体系的发展，更多的国际间的文化影响，例如通过好莱坞电影的出口，文化多样性的减少，各种文化的融合及创新，贫富差距可能扩大，国际旅游业的发展，部分发达国家对发展中国家资源的掠夺，部分发达国家把工业垃圾倾倒到发展中国家导致发展中国家的环境遭到破坏，文明以及价值观的冲突，通过诸如互联网和电话等的技术使得共享的信息资源不断增长，移民的增长，包括非法移民，恐怖主义也在全球化，参与恐怖袭击的恐怖组织分子很多时候不在本国行动，而且与本国无关
有这样的一种经济理论：相对优势使自由贸易可以让资源分配变得更加有效，并且对参与贸易的双方都有利。
二战后通过很多诸如关税及贸易总协定等的国际组织已经使得国际贸易间的障碍大大降低。特别是从关贸总协定演化而来的世界贸易组织。
提升自由贸易
商品：较少或消除关税；建立自由贸易区来降低关税
资金：减少或消除资金控制（资金控制会影响贸易发展）
减少或消除对当地产业的津贴补助金（达到公平贸易）
知识产权保护
在国家间对知识产权法律进行协调（通常来说，是添加更多限制）
也有很多反全球化运动人士认为这些是有害的。
全球化体现
当今处于弱势的民族语言正面临着强势语言、全球化、互联网等的冲击，其社会使用功能正处于逐渐弱化或消失的危险境地；因此有关机构和语言学界都应该采取积极而有效的措施，抢救濒危民族语言；保护民族语言，有利于人类文明的传承和发展，也有利于民族团结、社会安定。——周海中
当代全球化主要体现在国际化、自由化、普遍化和星球化这四个方面。国际化主要是指跨越国界的，描述不同民族和国家之间政治、经济等方面的差异。自由化常常被经济学家所使用，而普遍化则更多地为文化研究者使用，主要涉及特定的价值观念：一个更加全球性的世界在于文化上趋于同质化。星球化则涉及消息的传播与文化安全问题。——王宁
全球化指数
全球化指数涵盖60个全球最大经济体，分别计量其本地生产总值各个环节的全球化程度，计算方法基于5大驱动全球化因素：贸易的开放程度，资本流动，科技和意念交流，劳动力流动和文化整合性。根据国际会计师事务所“安永”2013年2月25日发表的年度全球化报告，香港连续3年在全球60个最大经济体中的全球化指数排名最高。
安永香港及澳门地区主管合伙人陈瑞娟表示，调查中香港主要在科技和意念交流上表现出色，排名远较其他市场优胜，因此香港在全球化指数的排名能稳居首位。
陈瑞娟说，特区政府已在吸引外资方面采取更为进取的态度，包括积极推动四大支柱产业及六项优势产业，以促进例如教育、创意产业的发展和创新。预计香港在贸易、资本和科技方面的全球化分数日后将保持领先。
陈瑞娟强调，香港是中国内地和世界其他地区主要贸易和融资的桥梁，1997年香港回归后所推动的新措施，让其得以较其他增长市场脱颖而出，扮演中国的离岸全球金融中心角色，因此能保持全球化排名第一。
安永2012年全球化指数排名前10位经济体分别为：中国香港（整体得分7．81）、新加坡（6．31）、爱尔兰（5．63）、比利时（5．49）、瑞士（5．3）、荷兰（5．19）、瑞典（4．96）、丹麦（4．94）、匈牙利（4．75）、英国（4．74）。
Todd:OK.Jamie.We'reback.杰米，我们开始吧。
Jamie:OK.好的。
Todd:Jamie,you'reabusinessman.杰米，你是一名商人。
Jamie:Sometimes.有时是。
Todd:OK,so.。哦，那么……
Jamie:Notthisweek.至少这周不是。
Todd:Notthisweek!OK.Um.we'regoingtotalkaboutglobalization.这周不是！好吧，我们来聊聊全球化。
Jamie:OK.好的。
Todd:Whatdoyouthinkaboutglobalization?你对全球化有什么看法？
Jamie:Globalization!I'mnotreallysure,Ihaveacleardefinitionofwhatglobalizationis,butifglobalizationisseveralnationstradingontheopen,orsemi-regularbasisthenIthinkglobalizationisarelativelypositivething.全球化！我不确定我是否对全球化有一个清晰的概念，但如果全球化是指国家间公开进行贸易，或是经常定期地进行交易，那么我认为全球化是一件相对积极的事情。
Todd:Yeah!是的！Jamie:For,certainlyforthecountriesthatareinvolvedinthe,inthebusinessthatisgoingonbetweenthenationsthatareobviouslyinvolvedwiththatbusiness.当然，这样进行的贸易是国家之间的贸易，与参与国有着息息相关的联系。
Todd:Yeah.OK.Great.Sodoyouthinkitmakestheworldabetterplace?好的，很棒。那么你认为这样会让世界更加和谐吗？
Jamie:Yeah,theworldabetterplace?No,Idon'tthinkitmaketheworldabetterplace.Ithinkit'sjustgoodforthecountriesthataredirectlyandindirectlyinvolvedwiththebusinessthatisgoingonbetweencountries.让世界变得更好？不，我不认为这样会使世界变得更好。我认为这样只会使直接参与或是间接参与贸易的国家带来好处，而这样的贸易还会在这几个国家之间进行。
Todd:OK.Great.Thanksalot.好的，很棒，谢谢你。
Jamie:Mypleasure.不客气。
